Hydrogen Technologies to Provide Flexibility to the Electric System: A Review

Abstract

Nowadays, the electric system is evolving towards a paradigm shift,with aconstantlyhigher penetration of renewable generation,as well as the electrification of the transport and different industry sectors. This new scenario requires flexibility servicesto be provided totransmission anddistribution grids, toallow theirsafe and reliable operation.From amongst the various optionscurrently investigated, hydrogen technologies are demonstrating great potential in terms of lower energy costs for consumers/prosumers, lower emissions,and better levels of quality and security of supply.This paper providesa review ofthe latest state-of-the-art flexibility services that hydrogen-basedtechnologies can provide to both DSOs and end-users.Thisreview considerscontributions from both academia and industry.