Inertia and Governor Ramp Rate Constrained Economic Dispatch to Assess Primary Frequency Response Adequacy

Abstract

The contribution of non-dispatchable, renewable generation to both total grid inertia and grid frequency response is significantly lesser than that of dispatchable, thermal generation. In large non-dispatchable generation penetration scenarios, the effect of inertia and frequency response diminution on primary frequency control reserves adequacy will be important. This paper develops a constraint on the economic dispatch problem that assures that frequency nadirs after a given sudden loss of generations will not be lower than a given limit. This constraint considers system inertia and governor ramp rate limits. A simulation using the IEEE Reliability Test System is presented.