Impact of electric vehicles fast frequency regulation and charging strategies on grid frequency stability

Authors

  • A. Ordono Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering School of Gipuzkoa (Eibar), University of the Basque Country Avda. Otaola, 29, 20600 Eibar (Spain) Phone/Fax number: +34 943 033036 Author
  • F.J Asensio Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering School of Gipuzkoa (Eibar), University of the Basque Country Avda. Otaola, 29, 20600 Eibar (Spain) Phone/Fax number: +34 943 033036 Author
  • J.I. San Martín Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering School of Gipuzkoa (Eibar), University of the Basque Country Avda. Otaola, 29, 20600 Eibar (Spain) Phone/Fax number: +34 943 033036 Author
  • M. González-Pérez Department of Electrical Engineering Engineering School of Gipuzkoa (Eibar), University of the Basque Country Avda. Otaola, 29, 20600 Eibar (Spain) Phone/Fax number: +34 943 033036 Author
  • J.A. Cortajarena Department of Electronic Technology Engineering School of Gipuzkoa (Eibar), University of the Basque Country Avda. Otaola, 29, 20600 Eibar (Spain) Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24084/repqj21.247

Keywords:

V2G, fast frequency regulation, electric vehicle, charging strategies, frequency response

Abstract

With the gradual reduction of grid inertia, system sensitivity to load unbalances is increasing, compromising frequency stability. To face this problem, faster frequency regulation resources are required. In this context, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is one of the concepts that is suggested for this purpose. When electric vehicles (EVs) are parked, their batteries can be used as distributed energy storage systems (EESs), injecting and absorbing power faster than conventional generation units (CGUs). The goal of this paper is to analyse the impact of fast frequency regulation of EVs in a small-scale grid, under sudden load variations. In this paper, the effect of charging strategies (CSs) is addressed, as they have a direct impact on the magnitude of the EV fleet regulation. In this way, different CSs can be used to achieve symmetrical up and down regulation, or to maximize one of them. The effect of the EV fleet dynamics in the frequency transient is also studied. The speed of response, and hence, the frequency transient, are influenced by these dynamics. The focus of the analysis will be the communication delay between the EV fleet and the central controller.

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Published

2024-01-03

Issue

Vol. 21 No. 2 (2023)

Section

Articles